Location of the pineal gland
The pineal gland is located near the centre of the brain. It is a small gland (5-8mm in size) and is shaped like a pinecone (giving this gland its name).
Functions/Roles of the pineal gland
The main function of the pineal gland is to make melatonin, which sets the rhythm of many biological systems.
Keeping melatonin levels in balance
Melatonin levels change across the day in response to changes in daylight. More melatonin is made during periods of darkness (e.g. night), while less is produced during light periods (e.g. day). This means that melatonin levels usually change in a daily (circadian) and seasonal rhythm.
Common Problems / Disorders of the Pineal Gland
![Hormones Australia Adrenal Insufficiency HA_Pineal_Cysts](https://www.hormones-australia.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Hormones-Australia-Boxes_0000s_0005_Pineal-Cysts.jpg)
Pineal Cysts
![Hormones Australia Boxes_0000s_0027_Circadian Disorders HA_Circadian_Rhythm_Sleep_Disorders](https://www.hormones-australia.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Hormones-Australia-Boxes_0000s_0027_Circadian-Disorders.jpg)
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders
![Hormones Australia Boxes_0000s_0021_Excess Melatonin Supplementation HA_Excess_Melatonin_Supplementation](https://www.hormones-australia.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Hormones-Australia-Boxes_0000s_0021_Excess-Melatonin-Supplementation.jpg)
Excess Melatonin Supplementation
Page last reviewed on 2 Mar 2023